Manipur, a state nestled in the northeastern part of India, is known for its rich cultural heritage, diverse traditions, and unique practices. Over time, however, modern influences and changing lifestyles have caused several of these time-honored traditions to fade into obscurity. In this article, we explore the top 5 Manipur cultural practices that are on the verge of extinction, highlighting their significance and the challenges they face in today’s rapidly evolving world.
1. Lai Haraoba: A Traditional Ritual of Devotion and Folk Art
Lai Haraoba is one of the most important cultural practices in Manipur, deeply rooted in the religious and spiritual life of the Manipuri people. It is a ritualistic festival dedicated to the worship of local deities, particularly the “Lai” (spirits) of the region. Traditionally, this festival involves elaborate dances, music, and offerings, all aimed at maintaining harmony between humans and the divine.
However, Lai Haraoba is gradually fading, mainly due to the dwindling number of traditional practitioners and the growing popularity of more modern forms of entertainment. Urbanization and the influence of other religions have further contributed to the decline of this once-vibrant practice. Efforts to preserve Lai Haraoba are being made, but its future remains uncertain as younger generations increasingly show little interest in preserving these ancestral rituals.
2. Manipuri Traditional Handloom Weaving: A Dying Craft
Manipuri traditional handloom weaving, also known as “phanek” weaving, has been a significant part of the state’s identity for centuries. The handwoven fabrics, particularly the Manipuri saris and phanek (a traditional wraparound skirt), are not only beautiful but also hold cultural importance. They are typically woven using cotton and silk, and the designs are often inspired by nature and mythology.
In recent years, the art of traditional weaving has been overshadowed by mass-produced fabrics and ready-made garments. The decline of handloom weaving can be attributed to factors such as a lack of market access for traditional weavers, economic pressures, and the younger generation’s reluctance to carry forward the intricate skills. While there are some initiatives to revive the handloom industry, the practice is at risk of disappearing if these challenges are not addressed.
3. Kang (Traditional Manipuri Polo): The Vanishing Sport
Polo, known as “Kang” in Manipur, is believed to have originated in this region over 2,000 years ago. The sport is deeply ingrained in the Manipuri culture, with royal families historically playing a central role in its promotion. Kang is traditionally played on a grass field with players riding horses and using mallets to hit a wooden ball through goalposts.
Despite its rich history, Kang is on the brink of extinction. The rise of modern polo, which follows international rules and is more commercially viable, has overshadowed the traditional Manipuri version. Additionally, the lack of infrastructure, limited sponsorship, and declining interest among the youth have made it difficult to sustain this indigenous sport. While there are efforts to promote Kang through festivals and cultural events, its future is uncertain without strong support from both the government and the community.
4. Sangai Deer Dance: A Sacred Cultural Performance
The Sangai Deer Dance is an ancient Manipuri dance form that celebrates the ethereal beauty of the state’s famous Sangai deer. This dance, traditionally performed during the Sangai Festival, depicts the life and struggles of the Sangai deer, an endangered species found only in Manipur’s Keibul Lamjao National Park. The dance is characterized by graceful movements, elaborate costumes, and a deep connection to the natural world.
Unfortunately, the Sangai Deer Dance is at risk of fading due to the reduced number of performers trained in the art and the growing apathy among the younger population. As the state’s younger generation increasingly embraces urban lifestyles, traditional performances like this one are becoming less popular. Efforts to protect and promote the Sangai Deer Dance are underway, but the practice faces numerous challenges, including insufficient resources and cultural commercialization.
5. Pung Cholom: The Vanishing Drumming Tradition
Pung Cholom is a traditional Manipuri drumming performance that forms an essential part of Manipuri dance and theatre. It involves a group of dancers and drummers who perform synchronously, playing the pung (drum) while executing intricate dance moves. The performance is deeply tied to religious rituals, with the drumming believed to be an offering to the gods.
Despite its significance in Manipuri culture, Pung Cholom is slowly disappearing. The decline of interest in classical arts, the rise of modern music and dance forms, and the lack of proper platforms for young drummers to showcase their skills have led to the diminishing popularity of this art form. Although there are still pockets of practitioners who continue to keep the tradition alive, the drumming art faces an uncertain future unless steps are taken to revitalize it and encourage the youth to engage with it.
Manipur’s cultural practices, though diverse and unique, are facing a tough battle against modernization and globalization. As we approach the extinction of these age-old traditions, it becomes crucial to acknowledge their importance and take active steps toward their preservation. Whether through education, government support, or community efforts, it is possible to ensure that these practices continue to thrive for future generations. If nothing is done, these beautiful cultural gems of Manipur may fade into history, taking with them a piece of the region’s identity.